When to Use the Chinese Term 不好意思 Bù Hǎo Yì Si

The Mandarin Chinese phrase ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si)  is frequently used in Chinese culture as a way of saying excuse me, embarrassed, or â€Å"sorry.† The literal translation of ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬ Ã‚  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si) is â€Å"not good meaning.† Here are examples of instances in which it would be appropriate to use this phrase.   Receiving Gifts The Chinese tradition of gift-giving demands that the gift is first refused, and finally accepted with è ° ¢Ã¨ ° ¢ (xià ¨ xie) or ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si). Using the latter phrase conveys a sense of being abashed, like using the term you shouldnt have or theres no need in English. This dance of giving and receiving gifts is done for any type of gift, including picking up the tab in a restaurant. Apologizing ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si) is also used as a casual apology. The phrase could be used, for instance, if you bump into someone on a crowded subway or if you have kept customers waiting. In these scenarios, ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si) means something akin to excuse me or sorry.   Similarly, you can say ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si) when you need to interrupt someone for a question, such as asking for the bathroom, directions, or a similar favor. You can say ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬ , è ¯ ·Ã©â€" ®... (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬Ã‚  si, qÇ ng wà ¨n), which means Excuse me, but can I ask...   When apologizing for more serious inconveniences, you can use the phrase  Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ µ · (duà ¬ bà ¹ qÇ ) which means Im sorry. For really serious mistakes that call for an apology, you can use the phrase  Ã¥Å½Å¸Ã¨ °â€¦Ã¦Ë†â€˜ (yuà ¡nlià  ng wÇ’) which means forgive me.   Character Traits Because ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si) can also mean embarrassed, the Chinese phrase can be used to describe a persons characteristics. For example, if someone is shy and easily embarrassed, you could say ä »â€" (male) / Ã¥ ¥ ¹ (female)  Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (tÄ Ã‚  bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si). This means He / she is embarrassed. Likewise, if you are trying to encourage someone to be less bashful, you can say ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¦â€ž Ã¦â‚¬  (bà ¹ yà  o bà ¹ hÇŽo yà ¬ si), which translates to dont be shy.

The Four Phases Of Small Business Strategy Planning

The Four Phases of Small Business Strategy Planning There are a host of definitions for strategy. Rather than trying to be comprehensive or creating a definition that tries to be the authoritative source, I ll use a simple definition of strategy for my purposes. Strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve outcomes. That s it. This definition is loyal to best tenants of strategy as well; be flexible, nimble and leave options until you reach the appropriate time or level to add further definition. The process of defining the desired outcomes is usually incorporated into the concept of strategy planning. In an agile and well-led organization, execution is also wrapped into strategy so that the plans can stay flexible, updated, and resources can be used to increase success. The best, most refined, and most successful strategy model has evolved from ancient China, was updated in Prussia, and has slowly been creeping into the business world. There are four steps to the process and I prefer to keep them all under the strategy umbrella to help leaders reach the planned outcomes. The iterative sequence is: setting goals, planning, actions, and outcomes. In setting strategic goals, you must consider what outcomes you desire for your business. Assuming that you are in business to earn revenue, you must link your outcomes to needs that your customers have in order to capture that revenue. The best source for setting goals is your business mission, values, and visionShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Benefits Of Strategic Management1674 Words   |  7 Pageswith respect to an example using the struggling retailer, Sears. Sears succumbed to the lack of innovation, which shows that if a firm stands still, it will be run over by the competition. Strategic planning and innovation should go hand in hand, because innovation is the machine that generates business opportunities in the market and its implementation drives businesses to be remarkable. Theories of organizational adaptation are another important concept, because it helps a company keep track of theRead MoreUnderstanding The Benefits Of Strategic Management1625 Words   |  7 Page sthe chapter using the example of a struggling retailer, Sears. Sears succumbed to the lack of innovation, which shows that if a firm stands still, it will be run over by the competition. Strategic planning and innovation should go hand in hand, because innovation is the machine that generates business opportunities in the market and its implementation drives them to be remarkable. Theories of organizational adaptation are another important concept, it helps a company keep track of the changes inRead MoreUnderstanding The Principles Of Strategic Planning1438 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstand the principles of strategic planning 1.1 Evaluate a range of strategic planning models When evaluating a strategic plan models, we should first consider the meaning of strategic planning. Strategic planning is when an organisation has a long term project, in between a year or two and this will involve the entire organisation workers to bring ideas together and look into each contributions before working on the plans, and this can be break down in three to four faces in other too be achievableRead MoreHow to Start and Manage a Successful Business1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe high failure rate of business start-ups has become common knowledge over time. According to the study by Van de Ven, Ar, Hudson, R and Schroeder (1984), the survival of a business over a short-term period of about a year and half is 54% and 25% over a period of six years. This means that the failure rate of business start-ups is a high 75%. Although studies show that business start-ups have a high failure rate, strategic business and financial planning, good management and marketing skills areRead MoreVision And Mission Statements Provide Information About The Organization954 Words   |  4 Pagesmatters is that should be a reflection and a helpful synopsis of the organization as well as it should speak to your stakeholders. Some characteristics that makes a mission statement successful is when it is succinct and can be printed in the back of a business card, when it is memorable and unique. Lastly it ought to be realistic and current, for instance, the mission should be a description of the present and not the future as well as it can not change constantly, in this case, when the firm changes itsRead MoreQuality Management in Current Business Management and Issues1317 Words   |  5 PagesQuality Management in Current Business Management Issues Objective The objective of this study is to examine quality management in business and to apply contemporary theory. Introduction The U.S. Small Business Administration reports that effective management is the key to the establishment and growth of the business and states as well that the key to successful management is examination of the marketplace environment and create employment and profit opportunities that provide the potentialRead MorePlanning The Global Business Enterprise1309 Words   |  6 PagesPhase One: Planning the Global Business Enterprise 1. Identifying Global Business Opportunities The aircraft industry in The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is growing exponentially, both for commercial and military aircraft operations. Demand is strong for aircraft equipment, parts and services and there has been significant investment in establishing domestic MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) facilities in the region. â€Å"Opportunities for U.S. companies include fleet equipment, parts and servicesRead MorePlanning Is The Process Of Determining Appropriate Goals And Courses Of Action1401 Words   |  6 Pages1. One thing I’ve learned from this chapter is that planning is the process of determining appropriate goals and courses of action. Once a plan has been created the next step is to design a strategy. A strategy is a series or managerial decisions that help managers obtain organizational goals. For most organizations, there are three steps to planning. The first step is the creation of a mission statement. A mission statement is essential for a company to clear ly communicate what it does and how itRead MoreThe Emergency Management Profession1283 Words   |  5 Pagesdisaster management. The disaster cycle has four distinct yet interrelated phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. The concept of the cycle implies an ongoing process in which communities, businesses, and individuals plan for and reduce potential disaster losses. Historically, emergency management programs have focused heavily on the preparedness and response phases, leaving limited resources to address the recovery and mitigation phases. This research paper will discuss the basicRead MoreStrategic Planning, Budgeting And Forecasting847 Words   |  4 Pagessteer consensus among core business disciplines. Rapid progression throughout leadership career spanning across sales, marketing, strategy and finance functions within large and small corporations. Driver for operational and financial efficiency who establishes core metrics that optimize team performa nce and maximize ROI across organizational functions. ________________________________________ CORE COMPETENCIES ï‚ § Strategic Planning, Budgeting Forecasting ï‚ § Financial Planning and Analysis ï‚ § PL Ownership

Incoterms International Trade and Paid by Seller Essay Example For Students

Incoterms: International Trade and Paid by Seller Essay Legal Aspects in Management Project Report On INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TERMS THEIR RELEVANCE/EVALUATION Submitted to: Prof C. L. Bansal Submitted By: Group No. 9 | Section F Anunay Bhargava| PGP 26328| Arnab Chowdhury| PGP 26329| Chinmay Desai| PGP 26334| Devendra Singh| PGP 26337| Gaurav Bhuwania| PGP 26341| Saurabh Yadav| PGP 26365| Srivalson Nair| PGP 26371| | | Date of Submission: 10th September 2010 Table of Contents INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)3 INCOTERMS4 The ‘E’ Term (no obligation for the seller)5 Responsibility Chart5 EXW – Ex Works, named place6 The ‘F’ Terms (Main Carriage Not Paid By Seller)7 FCA (Free Carrier)7 FAS Free Alongside Ship,8 FOB Free On Board8 Important Judgements9 The ‘C’ Terms (Main Carriage Paid By Seller)9 CIF – Cost, Insurance Freight, named ocean port of destination10 CFR – Cost Freight, named port of destination11 CPT Carriage Paid To, named place of destination12 CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To, named place of destination12 The ‘D’ Terms (Arrival)13 DES – Delivered Ex Ship, named port of destination13 DEQ – Delivered Ex Quay, named port of destination14 DDU Delivery Duty Unpaid, named place of destination14 DDP Delivery Duty Paid, named place of destination15 INCOTERMS 2000 – A Summary17 EVALUATIONError! Bookmark not defined. INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) The ICC was founded in 1919 with an overriding aim to serve world business by promoting trade and investment, open markets for goods and services, and the free flow of capital. ICC is the voice of world business championing the global economy as a force for economic growth, job creation and prosperity. ICC activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute resolution to making the case for open trade and the market economy system, business self-regulation, fighting corruption or combating commercial crime. All the activities of the International Chamber of Commerce, whether of a policy or technical nature, aim: * To promote international trade, services and investment, while eliminating obstacles and distortions to international commerce * To promote a market economy system based on the principle of free and fair competition among business enterprises * To foster the economic growth of developed and developing countries alike, particularly with a view to better integrate all countries into the world economy ICC has direct access to national governments all over the world through its national committees. The organizations Paris-based international secretariat feeds business views into intergovernmental organizations on issues that directly affect business operations. The ICC has permanent observer status with the United Nations. The UN, the World Trade Organization, and many other intergovernmental bodies, both international and regional, are kept in touch with the views of international business through ICC. Member companies and business associations shape ICCs stance on any given business issue by participating in the work of ICC commissions. Commissions are the bedrock of ICC, composed of a total of more than 500 business experts who give freely of their time to formulate ICC policy and elaborate its rules. ICC makes policies in the following: * Anti-Corruption * Arbitration * Banking Technique and Practice * Business in Society * Commercial Practice * Competition * Customs and Trade Regulations * E-business, IT and Telecoms * Environment and Energy * Financial Services and Insurance * Intellectual Property * Marketing and Advertising * Taxation Trade and Investment Policy * Transport and Logistics INCOTERMS ICC’s International Commercial Terms (INCOTERMS) is a universally recognized set of definitions of international trade terms and is widely used in international commercial transactions. These are accepted by governments, legal authorities and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of most commonly used terms in international trade. This reduces or removes altogether uncertainties arising from different interpretation of such terms in different countries. Scope of INCOTERMS is limited to matters relating to rights and obligations of the parties to the contract of sale with respect to the delivery of goods sold. They are used to divide transaction costs and responsibilities between buyer and seller and reflect state-of-the-art transportation practices. Being standard international trade definitions, INCOTERMS are used every day in thousands of contracts. ICC model contracts thus make life easier for small companies that cannot afford big legal departments. ICC first introduced the INCOTERMS standard commercial terms in 1936. Representing a radically new concept in an industry regulated by local rules of law, the new terms were the first real attempt to bring coherence to a commercial and judicial system that diverged widely from one country to another. Since they were first introduced, the INCOTERMS rules have been revised about once a decade to keep up with the rapid expansion of world trade and globalization. The last revision was done in 2000. INCOTERMS regulate| INCOTERMS do not regulate| Delivering and taking delivery of goods| Transfer of ownership| Division of costs| The payment process| Transfer of risk| Applicable law| Proof of delivery, transport documents orequivalent electronic message| The jurisdiction| The INCOTERMS are grouped in four categories: E-Terms| EXW Ex Works| F-Terms| FCA Free CarrierFAS Free Alongside Ship FOB Free On Board| C-Terms| CFR Cost and Freight CIF Cost Insurance and Freight CPT Carriage Paid To CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To| D-Terms| DAF Delivered At Frontier DES Delivered Ex Ship DEQ Delivered Ex Quay DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid DDP Delivered Duty Paid | The ‘E’ Term (no obligation for the seller) Responsibility Chart SERVICES| EXW| Ex Works| Warehouse Storage| Seller| Warehouse Labor| Seller| Export Packing| Seller| Loading Charges| Buyer| Inland Freight| Buyer| Terminal Charges| Buyer| Forwarders Fees| Buyer| Loading On Vessel| Buyer| Ocean/Air Freight| Buyer| Charges On Arrival At Destination| Buyer| Duty, Taxes ; Customs Clearance| Buyer| Delivery To Destination| Buyer| EXW – Ex Works, named place ‘Exâ⠂¬â„¢ means ‘From’, ‘Works’ means a premise where the object of trade in question has been created or is located at present e. g. factory, mill or warehouses. Generally ‘Works’ indicates the seller’s premises. It applies to goods available only at the sellers premises. Seller’s Obligations Delivery – The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle. Risk The seller must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered. Costs The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered. Notices The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice as to when and where the goods will be placed at his disposal. Buyer’s Obligations Delivery – The buyer must take delivery of the goods and arrange for the delivery vehicle Risk The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered Costs Expenses like transportation charges, insurance etc. to be borne separately by the buyer Notices -The buyer must, whenever he is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the place of taking delivery, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. The ‘F’ Terms (Main Carriage Not Paid By Seller) Responsibility Chart SERVICES| FCA| FAS| FOB| Free Carrier| Free Alongside Ship| Free Onboard Vessel| Warehouse Storage| Seller| Seller| Seller| Warehouse Labor| Seller| Seller| Seller| Export Packing| Seller| Seller| Seller| Loading Charges| Seller| Seller| Seller| Inland Freight| Buyer/Seller*| Seller| Seller| Terminal Charges| Buyer| Seller| Seller| Forwarders Fees| Buyer| Buyer| Buyer| Loading On Vessel| Buyer| Buyer| Seller | Ocean/Air Freight| Buyer| Buyer| Buyer| Charges On Arrival At Destination| Buyer| Buyer| Buyer| Duty, Taxes ; Customs Clearance| Buyer| Buyer| Buyer| Delivery To Destination| Buyer| Buyer| Buyer| FCA (Free Carrier) There are actually two FCA terms: FCA Sellers Premises * The seller is responsible only for loading the goods and not responsible for inland freight; * Delivery is complete when the goods are loaded on the Buyer’s collecting vehicle * Risk is transferred from the Seller to the Buyer when the goods are loaded on the Buyer’s vehicle FCA Named Place (International Carrier) * The seller is responsible for inland freight * Delivery is complete when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer not unloaded from the seller’s vehicle * Risk is transferred from the Seller to the Buyer when the goods have been delivered to the Buyer’s carrier at the named place. Other variations of FCA in practice are FOT (Free on Truck) FOR (Free on Rake). FAS Free Alongside Ship, named ocean port of shipment (e. g. FAS Kandla) Used for goods those are not containerized. Goods are placed in the dock shed or at the side of the ship in barges, within the reach of its loading equipment so that they can be loaded aboard the ship. Risk is transferred from the Seller to the Buyer when the goods have been placed alongside the Buyer’s nominated Vessel/Ship at the named port of shipment. For Example – For bulk coal shipments, the Seller places oaded barges alongside the Buyer’s nominated Vessel. The coal is then loaded into the vessel at the cost of the Buyer i. e. the Stevedores and the loading equipment costs are borne by the Buyer. FOB Free On Board, named ocean port of shipment (e. g. FOB Dahej) The goods are delivered by the Seller on-board the Buyer’s nominated Vessel at the ocean port of shipment. It is the Seller’s respo nsibility to load the goods on the vessel i. e. the cost incurred in loading the cargo are borne by the Seller but the Freight is to the Buyer’s account. Frees on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Theseu EssayIn Delivered Ex Ship, the sellers or the exporters/manufacturers clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer on board the ship at the named port of destination, not cleared for import. The seller is thus responsible for all costs of getting the goods to the named port of destination prior to unloading. The DES term is used only for shipments of goods by ocean or inland waterway or by multimodal transport where the final delivery is made on a vessel at the named port of destination. All forms of payment are used in DES transactions. DEQ – Delivered Ex Quay, named port of destination In Delivered Ex Quay, the seller/exporter/manufacturer clears the goods for export and is responsible for making them available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination, not cleared for import. The buyer, therefore, assumes all responsibilities for import clearance, duties, and other costs upon import as well as transport to the final destination. This is new for INCOTERMS 2000. The DES term is used only for shipments of goods arriving at the port of destination by ocean or by inland waterway. All forms of payment are used in DEQ transactions. Seller’s Obligations * The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale. * Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the gods to the named quay (wharf) at the named port of destination. If a specific quay (wharf) is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination which best suits its purpose. * Contract of insurance No obligation. The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the quay (wharf) referred to in or on the date or within the agreed period Buyer’s Obligations * The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale. * The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or official authorisation or other documents and carry out, where applicable, all customs formali ties necessary for the import of the goods. * The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. DDU Delivery Duty Unpaid, named place of destination Delivery Duty Unpaid (DDU) is used for transactions where the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer at the named place of destination but not cleared for import. The seller bears all the costs involved in delivering the goods to the destination except the unloading costs from any means of transport used to carry the goods to the named place of destination as well as the import duty, if any, in the country of the destination. The buyer bears the import duty costs as well as the costs and risks associated with his failure to clear the goods for import as per schedule. DDU is used irrespective of the mode of transport. But when the delivery is to be made in a port on board a vessel or quay, the DES and DEQ terms are used. The seller does not assume any costs or risks associated with transporting the goods to any other final destination from the named place of destination. Seller’s Obligations Delivery – The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the quay (wharf)  on the date or within the agreed period. Transfer of Risks – The seller must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered. Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense with the delivery order and/or the usual transport document (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document or a multimodal transport document) to enable it to take the goods and remove them from the quay (wharf). Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message Buyer’s Obligations Delivery – The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered Transfer of Risks – The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered. Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message – The buyer must accept the delivery order or the transport document. DDP Delivery Duty Paid, named place of destination Delivery Duty Paid is used for transactions where the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the buyer at the named place of destination after clearing it through imports. Thus, the seller taxes and other charges required for import in the country of destination. Hence, DDP should not be used if the seller doesn’t have the capability to get an import license. The DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller as he is responsible for all the costs associated with getting the goods to the named place of destination. The two contracting parties can change these obligations by mentioning the exact requirements in the contract. The term may be used for all types of transports, except when delivery takes place on board a vessel or quay in the port of destination. Seller’s obligations Delivery – The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer or at that of another person named by the buyer, on any arriving means of transport not unloaded at the named place of destination on the date or within the period agreed for delivery. Transfer of Risks – The seller must, subject bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with his obligations as a deliverer. Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The eller must provide the buyer at the sellers expense with the delivery order and/or the usual transport document which the buyer may require to take delivery of the goods. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message. Buyer’s obligations Delivery – The buyer must t ake delivery of the goods when they have been delivered. Transfer of Risks – The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered. The buyer must, should it fail to fulfil its obligations, bear all additional risks of loss of or damage to the goods incurred thereby. Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the delivery order or the transport document. - Misuse of the DDP shipment procedure: When a customer purchases goods from foreign countries, the domestic company which imports the goods from abroad is usually either affiliated to or a subsidiary of the exporting manufacturing firm. This introduces the possibility of misstating the real value of the goods at the time of import so that the duty on those items is reduced. The importing company then sells the goods off to the real customer at a much higher actual value. The Customs officials are slowly becoming aware of this practice and are denying the importing middle man the right to clear the goods stating that the title never passed to the importer and that the customer was the real owner of those goods. INCOTERMS 2000 – A Summary Areas of Improvement We found that there are certain areas which if covered under the INCOTERMS would reduce the potential conflicts faced in International Business. They are listed as per below:- Availability of Safe Birth/Port When the sale is on FOB terms, the Buyer nominates the carrying vessel to the Seller and the Seller loads the goods onboard the nominated vessel. It is nowhere mentioned that it would be the Seller’s responsibility to provide a safe birth/anchorage to the Buyer’s vessel. If it happens that there is some problem with the birth and the vessel owner refuses to load the cargo on the vessel, then a conflict might arise as to who would assume the demurrage losses unless such a term is expressly agreed in the contract of sale. Same thing applies to the Buyer in case of CIF or CFR purchases. Such a clause can be made a part of the INCOTERM itself by default, so as to avoid any confusion. Transfer of Title The INCOTERMS do not deal with how and when the title would be transferred to the Buyer. The Title in all the above arrangements under INCOTERMS is transferred to the Buyer depending on the contractual terms. The commonly used practice being the transfer of title once the Seller receives the full payment from the Buyer. References * http://www. iccwbo. org/incoterms/wallchart/wallchart. pdf * http://www. zurich. ch/site/pool/fkmu. Par. 0053. LangItems. en. File. tmp/Incoterm_2000_E_global. pdf   * http://www. uncitral. org/pdf/english/texts_endorsed/INCOTERMS2000_e. pdf   * http://www. i-b-t. net/incoterms. html * http://www. export911. com/e911/export/comTerm. htm#xFCA   * http://www. unece. org/cefact/recommendations/rec05/rec05_ecetrd259. pdf

Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States Essay Example

Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States Essay Jena Marshall SOC 145 Social Inequalities Professor Eskapoulli March 16, 2013 Final Paper INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades homelessness has become an increasingly visible problem within the United States. According to the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, we are now experiencing a period when extremely low-income housing needs are at an all-time high. While some communities are beginning to see reductions in chronic homelessness, in many communities family homelessness is exploding, and families with children are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. On average it is believed that on any given night in the United States, 633,784 people are experiencing homelessness, 239,403 of which are families. Although no single factor can be held solely responsible for the current rates of homelessness, recent exploration through social science attributes the increase to a combination of structural inequalities inherent within the social institutions of the United States. In today’s society, inequalities seen within the educational system, combined with the declining purchasing power of low-wage jobs and a decrease in the availability of affordable family housing, largely influence the prevalence of homelessness. The book Angela Whitikers Climb, written by Isabel Wilkerson, offers a clear portrayal of the role poverty and education play in creating or restricting financial opportunity. The book shows how impoverished communities are at a disadvantage for receiving a quality education, which limits future financial opportunity and the ability to rise out of poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This cycle perpetuates poverty throughout ones lifetime, as well as limiting the ability of future generations to achieve socio-economic mobility (Wilkerson Pg. 224). Angela book also shows how education is linked to financial security and is a critical factor in obtaining better living conditions. The declining purchasing power of low-wage jobs in today economy is another factor that has had an extremely negative impact on individuals and families ability to maintain a permanent residence. In this country, no state offers a minimum wage sufficient to allow a family with one full-time worker adequate earnings (at 30% of income) to afford the federal fair-market rent for a two-bedroom apartment. In fact, in 24 states, even families with two full-time minimum wage earners have insufficient income to meet fair-market rents without exceeding the 30% of income threshold for affordability. † (Anderson, 2003) The consequences of such conditions are visible in the current rate of homel ess in the United States. Unfortunately, for the many individuals and families who lose their home, it is even more difficult to get back into rental housing as  many property owners will not rent to tenants that have a poor history credit or a previous eviction, and they often require security deposits along with first and  last months rent. In today’s society, it can be reasonably argued that the primary cause of homelessness is the growing gap between housing costs and income, especially for the lower class. For the large percentage of Americans  who struggle to support themselves on minimum wage every year the decreasing availability of low-cost housing has made finding a permanent living situation almost impossible. According to research done by Anderson and his colleagues, the number of un-subsidized units affordable to extremely low-income households is currently 1. 2 million, while the number of extremely low-income households is estimated at 4. 5 million, which suggest a 3. 3 million unit deficit of affordable housing units in the United States. This shortage leaves thousands of people, especially families and single mothers, struggling to make ends meet and vulnerable to any type of personal or financial setback. Unfortunately, the lack of an adequate income, combined with scarce affordable housing, is at the root cause of thousands of people left on the streets every day. Because of the wide range of social stratification within the United States, it is not a surprise that there is a greater prevalence of homelessness for certain demographics. According to notes from class lecture, 33% of the homeless population are families with children, 17% of homeless individuals are single females, and 28% of homeless individuals are veterans. The Book Structured Inequality in the United States by David Baker discusses the role that race, ethnicity, and gender play in poverty and homelessness. The limited access of racial and ethnic groups and women to valued resources such as education constrains their ability to alter their social position in society (Baker, Pg. 5). Currently, the number of homeless families with children reflect the ost substantial increase in the homeless population and continued growth can be expected if a solution to the lack of affordable housing is not implemented. The inequality in demographic distribution is an extreme cause for concern, and holds serious consequences for the families and the youth of our nation. Family residential instability is associated with children’s poor attendance and performa nce in school; not having a primary source of medical care; lacking preventive health services (child immunizations), and suffering from various acute and chronic medical conditions, sexual assault, and violence. Anderson, 2003) While there have been many theorized solutions to homelessness in America, I believe that the book A New Poverty: Homeless Families in America, by Ralpha Da Costa Nunez , offers strategies which are more useful, through the structural deficit model of looking at homelessness, and therefore offering more practical solution. In his book, Nunez calls for a change in the national homeless policy through the transformation of the emergency shelter system into comprehensive residential-educational-employment training centers. These centers would be child focused and family based, similar to the organization Casa Esperanza, which my group volunteered at. He logically contends that with education, family preservation services, and job training, homeless families can more easily become self-sufficient (Nunez). When looking at homelessness as an issue, one must consider both the cause and the consequences of this most serious social problem. Casa Esperanza as an organization does a great job at combating against both aspects of homelessness through the support and assistance they provide. By providing shelter to individuals who dont have anywhere else to live, as well as vital resources such as food, hygiene materials, and hygiene services, the organization helps reduce the consequences of being homeless for many individuals. However, Casa Esperanza also makes a genuine effort to address the origin of homelessness for many individuals through their rehabilitative steps, designed to help implement changes necessary to achieve self sufficiency. In current times, shelters like Casa Esperanza are crucial in fighting against the stratification caused by the disparity of wealth, and the growing gap between housing costs and income. DISCUSSION The organization our group chose to volunteer for was Casa Esperanza Homeless Center. This organization is a local, non-profit, collaborative community effort, which works to fight against socioeconomic inequality by offering an array of services, emphasizing on emotional and physical health for the poor and the homeless. Casa Esperanzas main goal is to assist homeless individuals and families in achieving self-sufficiency, by helping as many as possible access the services they need to transition to stable employment and permanent living conditions. With this larger picture in mind, the services offered at this facility include, but are not limited to,  drug and alcohol counseling, mental health care, housing and job placement assistance, and the critical gift of temporary food and shelter. In addition to these services, specific programs at Casa Esperanza are designed to target and provide support for factors associated with socioeconomic inequality. These programs include the Street Outreach Program, the Day Center Program, the Transitional Shelter Program, and the Winter Shelter Program. The Street Outreach Program helps provide a network for homeless individuals by a process through which workers comb the streets of Santa Barbara every day, aiming to build relationships that allow the homeless to seek shelter for the first time. The lack of networks and/or support systems are a crucial difference between the general population and the homeless population, and this is often a key aspect if these individuals ending up on the streets. The Day Center Program helps provide valuable resources, which are often otherwise unavailable, along with a community support system. The center offers food, clothing, medical care, job development, social services, life coaching, substance abuse recovery, and other vital services that assist members/clients into permanent housing. As even a short period of homelessness can have serious consequences such as depression, depletion of resources and networks, as well as child neglect, the support from this program helps individuals and families get back on their feet, hopefully ending the cycle of homelessness. The Transitional Shelter Program aims to provide opportunity to homeless individuals and encourage self motivation. The center  provides immediate opportunities for those willing and otherwise capable of achieving self-sufficiency. This program provides a variety of supportive services to help the homeless stabilize and to assist them in utilizing other community-based resources and services. By providing these opportunities, homeless individuals are given access to a path towards upward mobility which would otherwise be nearly impossible. The  Winter Shelter Program has two hundred beds available from December 1st to March 31st, to shelter homeless individuals and families from extreme temperatures on the streets. The program includes breakfast, dinner, hygiene services, and medical support. By providing these resources, individuals are given a safe place to sleep, along with access to basic human necessities, and are able to lessen the effects of their homelessness. In addition to these centers and programs, living, employment, and personal transitions are facilitated by the staff and volunteers. They are committed to building trusting relationships with the homeless, providing emotional support and practical solution which encourage them to seek, find, and make use of the help they need. This multi tiered approach to the problem helps to address the interwoven causes and to prevent individual and family crisis leading to renewed homelessness. Because of the broad nature of the support provided at Casa Esperanza, the organization assists a variety of people, working against a number of social injustices associated with socioeconomic inequality. While the organization directly addresses socioeconomic issues, it also indirectly provides support against the affects of discrimination, disability, displacement, and a number of other social institution issues which facilitate homelessness. My group chose to volunteer at a homeless shelter because we wanted to work for an organization in which our contributions would manifest into immediate and visible results. We were looking for hands on involvement, where we could personally work with, and for, the members of the community most in need of our support. Casa Esperanza turned out to be a great choice for volunteering and provided us a deeply impactful and enriching experience. Through our volunteer efforts, we were personally involved with the process of making and providing food to homeless individuals, where we got firsthand experience with the population we were helping. This invaluable experience provided us a fuller understanding of the causes and effects of homelessness, and its accompanying social injustices. In addition, we were able to witness firsthand, the positive effect of activism on individual lives and the community as a whole. During our volunteer experience at Casa Esperanza our group helped cook in the kitchen every Wednesday from 8:30am till 11:00am, with responsibilities which included cutting and prepping vegetables, cutting bread, making pies, making lemonade, making pasta from scratch, and cooking salmon and other meats. We helped to prep and cook the day’s lunch and amenities, and because Casa Esperanza serves daily 200+ people per meal, three sets of hands were very useful to the head chef. There was always an abundance of work for my group to do and we always left wishing that we were able to offer more assistance. When we first started volunteering at Casa Esperanza we felt that we were simply acquaintances who had come together for the purpose of this class. However, as the weeks went on and we gained experiences together, we became surprisingly close. Our conversations, while we were cutting vegetables or doing other various cooking tasks, turned from light and casual to personal and deep. We all conversed about our shared human experiences and social backgrounds, and how they might relate to topics and lectures from class. We also bonded over how rewarding we found our volunteer work to be and over what we found interesting about the shelter and its cohabitants. Together we learned that there were more factors than we had anticipated associated with homelessness, and witnessing the life circumstances of many of the individuals at the shelter had a great effect on all of us. Common themes we identified with people from the shelter were devalued self esteem, domestic abuse, divorce, drug use, death within the immediate family, immigration status/limitations,  and a general lack of family or support networks. By the end of our volunteer program my group members and I grew very fond of the staff and individuals at Casa Esperanza, and we were glad that we had chosen to become involved with this organization. We also agreed that we would like to continue volunteering at the shelter in the future, as our schedules permitted. There is an obvious and critical need for better funding for this program. While Casa Esperanza has a great base structure and excellent programs, offering a variety of individual steps to assist in becoming self reliant, the organization needs greater outreach in order for the public to gain a further understanding of the impact of homelessness on our society in general, and to obtain the financial resources which are greatly needed. CONCLUSION In today’s society the origins, structure, and consequences of homelessness can be attributed to three factors: the inequalities seen within the educational system, the declining purchasing power of low-wage jobs, and a decrease in the availability of affordable family housing. While all three factors function separately, they are often interwoven and attribute to high rates of homelessness. For education, systematic inequalities work together to limit future employment opportunities for many impoverish community members. The long term effects of such disadvantage limit social mobility, and increase the probability of  homelessness. In addition the declining value of income for lower class families  coupled with an increasing scarcity of affordable housing, has led to a large rates of homelessness among impoverished communities, especially for families. Overall, while my group’s contributions at Casa Esperanza were only a tiny drop in the huge bucket of social need and injustice, we were able to personally feel the reward of choosing to make a difference. By helping to provide a secure source of food to these individuals, we were able to help them better utilize their time and available resources, such as money, to promote themselves and to move toward a better life situation. By providing certain resources, Casa Esperanza helps in breaking the cycle of homelessness, and allows an opportunity for self sufficiency and social mobility, which is desperately needed. WORKS CITED Aguirre, Adalberto, and David V. Baker. Chapter 1. Structured Inequality in the United States: Critical Discussions on the Continuing Significance of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. N. pag. Print. Anderson, L. M. , St. Charles, J. , Fullilove, M. T. , Scrimshaw, S. C. , Fielding, J. E. , amp; Normand, J. (2003). Providing affordable family housing and reducing residential segregation by income. American journal of preventive medicine, 24(3), 47-67. Beyond Shelter: Housing First, Ending Homelessness. Beyond Shelter: Housing First,   Ending Homelessness. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. beyondshelter. org/aaa_initiatives/ending_homelessness. shtml gt;. Nunez, R. D. C. (1996). The New Poverty: Homeless Families in America. Insight Books, Plenum Publishing Corporation, 233 Spring Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10013-1578. Housing, M. (2006). US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Wilkerson, I. (2005). Angela Whitikers climb. Class Matters. New York Times Books, Henry Holt and Company, 202-233.

Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments

Private Threatening Environments 1 Running head : THE IMPLICATIONS OF THREATENING EVIRONMENTS ON INTELLECTUAL PROCESSING Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private? The Implications of Threating Environments on Intellectual Processing Alcorn State University Private Threatening Environments 2 Ben-Zeev, T & Inzlicht, M. (2003). Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private The Implications of Threatening Eviornments on Intellectual Processing. Journal of Educational Psychology Summary of Article Education statiatics show that a very small amount of women are in the field of math and science. Although women represent over half of the student body, they are a small percentage that graduate in math and science. (National Science Foundation,200). The authors look at the question, how under representation of females reflect gender makeup, tokenism, and stereotypes in classrooms. It can also explain how females perform under the pressure of negative stereotypes in math and science. The authors make an argument that the females in a group adds the awareness of ones gender which increases negative stereotypes associated with that. The authors indentify that the females who cared the most about doing seemed to be affected the most by the pressures of stereotypes. In this study the authors examine how the students performed or unperformed in a private or public setting. The authors concentrated on females who were identified as being good in math. They attempted to evaluate the female students and how they affected by situations and stereotypes. The authors did a good job of getting data by controlled evaluation and other accurate research information already available. The research leans to the assumption that work in public adds pressure to the threat of stereoty... Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments Private Threatening Environments 1 Running head : THE IMPLICATIONS OF THREATENING EVIRONMENTS ON INTELLECTUAL PROCESSING Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private? The Implications of Threating Environments on Intellectual Processing Alcorn State University Private Threatening Environments 2 Ben-Zeev, T & Inzlicht, M. (2003). Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private The Implications of Threatening Eviornments on Intellectual Processing. Journal of Educational Psychology Summary of Article Education statiatics show that a very small amount of women are in the field of math and science. Although women represent over half of the student body, they are a small percentage that graduate in math and science. (National Science Foundation,200). The authors look at the question, how under representation of females reflect gender makeup, tokenism, and stereotypes in classrooms. It can also explain how females perform under the pressure of negative stereotypes in math and science. The authors make an argument that the females in a group adds the awareness of ones gender which increases negative stereotypes associated with that. The authors indentify that the females who cared the most about doing seemed to be affected the most by the pressures of stereotypes. In this study the authors examine how the students performed or unperformed in a private or public setting. The authors concentrated on females who were identified as being good in math. They attempted to evaluate the female students and how they affected by situations and stereotypes. The authors did a good job of getting data by controlled evaluation and other accurate research information already available. The research leans to the assumption that work in public adds pressure to the threat of stereoty...

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)

About the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a Cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Justice Department is responsible for enforcing the laws enacted by Congress, administration of the U.S. justice system, and ensuring that the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans are upheld. The DOJ was established in 1870, during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, and spent its early years prosecuting members of the Ku Klux Klan. The DOJ oversees the activities of multiple federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DOJ represents and defends the U.S. government’s position in legal proceedings, including cases heard by the Supreme Court. The DOJ also investigates cases of financial fraud, administers the federal prison system, and reviews the actions of local law enforcement agencies according to the provisions of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. In addition, the DOJ oversees the actions of the 93 U.S. Attorneys who represent the federal government in courtrooms nationwide. Organization and History The Department of Justice is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the U.S. Senate. The Attorney General is a member of the President’s Cabinet. At first, a one-person, part-time job, the position of Attorney General was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. At the time, the duties of the Attorney General were limited to providing legal advice to the president and Congress. Until 1853, the Attorney General, as a part-time employee, was paid substantially less than the other Cabinet members. As a result, those early Attorneys General typically supplemented their salary by continuing to conduct their own private law practices, often representing paying clients before state and local courts in both civil and criminal cases. In 1830 and again in 1846, various members of Congress tried to make the Attorney Generals Office a full-time position. Finally, in 1869, Congress considered and passed a bill creating a Department of Justice to be headed by a full-time Attorney General. President Grant signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870, and the Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870. Appointed by President Grant, Amos T. Akerman served as America’s first Attorney General and used his position to vigorously pursue and prosecute Ku Klux Klan members. During President Grants first term alone, the Justice Department had issued indictments against Klan members, with over 550 convictions. In 1871, those numbers increased to 3,000 indictments and 600 convictions. The 1869 law that created the Department of Justice also increased the Attorney Generals responsibilities to include the supervision of all United States Attorneys, the prosecution of all federal crimes, and the exclusive representation of the United States in all court actions. The law also permanently barred the federal government from using private lawyers and created the office of Solicitor General to represent the government before the Supreme Court. In 1884, control of the federal prison system was transferred to the Justice Department from the Department of the Interior. In 1887, enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act gave the Justice Department responsibility for some law enforcement functions. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order giving the Justice Department responsibility for defending the United States against claims and demands filed against the government. Mission Statement The mission of the Attorney General and the U.S. Attorneys is: â€Å"To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.†

Animal rights the Strength and Weakness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Animal rights the Strength and Weakness - Essay Example While some argue that humans should be distinguished from the rest of the other animals and that they are in a separate moral category, some are against this ideology. The ones that believe that animals have no moral status will support any treatment to the animals including practices that cause discomfort, pain, suffering and death. Some people treat the animals according to the way they feel is fit for them and their beliefs an action which elicited the need to develop a forum where animal rights could be guarded and this secure them from the jaws of the malicious owners. Contrary to them, many philosophers believe that though there are differences in all manners of ways between the animals and the humans, there lacks a philosophical defense for denying the animals a moral consideration. The two sides have debated on the justification of these moral rights for ages (Mack, 2012). The philosophers who came forward to develop this argument supported their argument by purporting that since animals have a distinct life just like the humans they also should be considered as living things with their rights no matter how developed they may be closer or further from the humans. The explanation of various philosophers in regard to the subject will be discussed in the following chapters. It is important to note that the explanation may not give a conclusive decision as what is offered is a mere explanation and leave the reader to decide independently. The Kantian approach towards animals, which is said to have marked progress from Descartes theory that stated that animals were mere automata, acknowledges animal pain. The theory however, still states that animals were not self-conscious and were there merely as a means to an end. Kant claimed that man’s duties towards the animals were but indirect duties towards humanity. This means that though man should strive to treat the animals well, it was not because he owed them any